Mammology (or mastology) is a specialized branch of medicine dedicated to the study of breast diseases, encompassing their development, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic interventions. Mammological Examination A comprehensive mammological evaluation involves collecting detailed information regarding the patient’s symptoms and medical history, which is known as anamnesis. This process includes a thorough visual inspection and palpation of the breast tissue. Based on the initial findings, the physician determines whether further diagnostic investigations are necessary. Diagnostic Methods for Breast Diseases To diagnose breast conditions, several instrumental diagnostic techniques are utilized, including:

• Ultrasound of the Breasts (Echomammography): This method uses high-frequency sound waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue, aiding in the detection of abnormalities such as cysts or tumors.
• X-ray Examination of the Breasts (Mammography): This imaging technique involves the use of low-dose X-rays to identify and evaluate changes or abnormalities within the breast tissue.

In addition to these primary methods, other advanced diagnostic techniques may be employed, such as:

• Biopsy: A procedure involving the extraction of tissue samples for microscopic examination to confirm or rule out malignancy.
• Computed Tomography (CT): An imaging method that provides cross-sectional views of the breast and surrounding structures.
• Skeletal Scanning: Used to assess the extent of disease spread to the bone.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Offers detailed images of the breast using magnetic fields and radio waves, particularly useful for evaluating complex cases.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET): A nuclear medicine imaging technique that detects metabolic activity in breast tissues, often used to assess the spread of cancer.

These diagnostic tools collectively contribute to the accurate assessment, diagnosis, and management of breast diseases.